Analysis Of Oryx And Crake Biography - 1217 Words

Oryx and Crake Biography Author/Author Background: Personal: Margaret Atwood, the proud writer of numerous award-winning novels including The Blind Assassin, The Tent, or Oryx and Crake, originated in Ottawa, Canada on November 18th, 1939. She pursued writing at a young age and stuck with it. Education: Margaret graduated from Victoria College at the University of Toronto in 1961 and worked toward her master’s degree over the course of the following year. Also, throughout her line of employment, she taught at numerous universities and colleges in the States and in her home country, Canada. Pieces: Atwood has released many books in the speculative fiction genre, including ‘Cat’s Eye’, ‘The Year of The Flood’, ‘The Penelopiad’,†¦show more content†¦This is in reference to technology, sciences, etc. It looks at predictions of the choices of humanity as a whole, to speak in a broader tone. Economics: Something you might not know about this talented author is that she knows a good deal about economics. So much that she actually has performed full speeches about economics in her years. It’s crazy to think about how much she knows! She has so much experience in literature, more than most other people and far more than the average Joe. And on top of that, she knows a good quantity about economics. Awards: Copied from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Atwood#Awards Governor General s Award, (1966, 1985) Companion of the Order of Canada, 1981 Guggenheim fellowship, 1981 Los Angeles Times Fiction Award, 1986 American Humanist Association Humanist of the Year, 1987 Nebula Award, 1986 and Prometheus Award, 1987 nominations, both science fiction

The Australian Criminal Justice System - 2881 Words

The Australian criminal justice system acknowledges the immaturity of young offenders compared with that of adult offenders, and thus impose system in which their crimes are dealt with. A criminal conviction relies upon a two-fold basis whereby the actus rea and mens rea must be proved, however young offenders are treated with a different level of responsibility as they have not reached adulthood. Referred to as juvenile justice, offenders under the age of 18 are recognised as requiring a greater level of protection and assistance due to their state of dependancy. Such programs are specifically geared to protect young offenders and aim to deal with youth in a more effective manner due to their increased vulnerable state.This protection is consistent throughout the criminal trial process and covers all stages starting from acknowledging the age of responsibility. Under federal law criminal responsibility applies for those aged 10 and over, and rebuttable presumption is applicable for ages 10-14 years .Rebuttable presumption is defined as a legal presumption in favour of one party and is able to be rebutted by the other party with sufficient evidence for proof.This may be tied in with doli incapax which is the principle of a child being under a certain age is incapable of committing a crime due to their lack of awards of such conduct being wrong. The effect of such means the prosecution of children aged 10-14 required evidence to the court beyond reasonable doubt, that theShow MoreRelatedThe Perception Of The Australian Criminal Justice System Essay1994 Words   |  8 PagesThe perception of the Australian criminal justice system’s legitimacy is determined by the actions of three institutions, and the manner in which they address issues of justice within society. For the criminal justice system to be seen with integrity and valued for its role, it is vital that all members of the community see the appropriate rectification of injustices through the police, courts and corrections. However, particular groups within society encounter the illegitimacy and social inequityRead MoreAustralian Criminal Justice System : Australia Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesAustralian Criminal Justice System The Australian Criminal Justice system has an intricate and diverse structure that makes it one of the most unique systems in the world. The Commonwealth of Australia was approved by the British Parliament in 1900 and came into existence on January 1, 1901. 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Following t his the effects of racism and white privilege will be discussed and it will be arguedRead MoreIndigenous Australians Face Within The Criminal Justice System1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe Indigenous Experience in Australian Courts It is a commonly known issue in Australia that as a minority group, the people of Indigenous Australian ethnicity have always been treated, or at least perceived, differently to those of non-Indigenous disposition. This can be applied to different contexts such as social, economic, education, or in relation to this essay – legal contexts. Generally, Indigenous Australians face issues such as less opportunity for formal education, less access to sufficientRead MoreThe Barriers Of Indigenous Australian Women Face Within The Criminal Justice System970 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience inequality through the education and criminal justice system, specifically Indigenous women. This is highlighted throughout the report through various statistical data including tables and graphs. Further discussion on the link between these statistics to current unit concepts will be addressed in this report to expose the barriers that Indigenous Australian women face within the criminal justice sy stem. The statistical overview on the education system will focus on the Indigenous populationRead MoreThe Australian Criminal Justice System Is Shaped Largely by Our Society. Discuss This Statement.1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe criminal justice system is the system the Australian public look to for protection and justice against those that disregard the law but there are mixed opinions from the general public that the justice system is too lenient and that the public opinion isn’t taken into consideration when assessing crime and punishment. In this essay, I will argue that the Australian criminal justice system is in fact shaped largely by our society because if it doesn’t reflect social conscience, the justice systemRead MoreThe Issues Of The Criminal Justice System1526 Words   |  7 Pagesin the enduring Indigenous criminal law discourse which is framed by issues throughout history, jurisdictions, prisons, courts and the criminal justice system. Whilst todayâ₠¬â„¢s intergeneration effects of poverty and the loss of autonomy fuel Indigenous disadvantage, the criminal law institution is another contributor which vividly displays disadvantages and barriers which preclude Indigenous Australians from sufficiently accessing justice. However, the pursuit for justice is more multifaceted than aRead MoreComparing a Aboriginal and Australian Justice Systems1304 Words   |  6 PagesInterrelationship : Aboriginal Australian justice system : The recognition of aboriginal customary laws under the Australian Criminal justice system is just confined to acknowledgement of just the traditional physical punishments at the stage of sentencing. It all depends upon the interpretation and readings of individuals who play a role in the Criminal justice system in the capacity of judicial officers, officers of the court, lawyers and police officers etc. (Aboriginal Law criminal justice,Law Reform CommissionRead MoreImplementing An Effective Punishment For An Offender1653 Words   |  7 PagesAchieving justice for all and providing appropriate punishment to fit all crimes is a prominent issue within the criminal justice system. In considering an effective punishment for an offender, the law must be mindful of both the moral and legal rights of a number of parties, including the society, the offender, and the victim, in order to achieve true justice for all (Warren 2005) - a process proving controversial and almost impossible in many cases. Whilst aiming to provide a system in which citizensRead MoreThe Royal Commission Into Aboriginal Deaths955 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath of indigenous Australians in prison or police custody. In doing so the report highlighted the substantial over representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Criminal Justice system and provided detailed analysis of underlying factors. The reports findings were believed to be the foundation of change. However, regardless of a range of policy changes and crime prevention programs in repose to the report, over representation in the criminal justice system remains. The issue

Five Schools of Thought free essay sample

These schools of thought include structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis. Structuralism is the school of thought that according to Cherry  Ã‚  (2014), â€Å"Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components† (Structuralism). Functionalism was influenced by the work of William James and it is a form of response for structuralism. Cherry (2014), â€Å"The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. However, Gestalt psychology concentrates mainly on human behavior and mind as one whole in addition, psychoanalysis was first established by Sigmund Freud mostly known for the Id, Ego and Superego. Structuralism was first established by a German Psychologist named William Wundt Structuralism was the first school of thought in psychology, structuralism is the study of another component of consciousness. An example of structuralism is describing an experience at a particular place as giving detailed examples like the park was windy, cold, and calming. However, Functionalism, unlike structuralism was formed as a response to structuralism. Functionalism was influenced by the work of William James and Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory (Cherry,  2014). Functionalism focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior rather than the components of the consciousness (Cherry, 2014). Functionalism influenced psychology as much as structuralism did as well as changed the meaning of the educational system. The father of psychology first founded the school of behaviorism, John B. Watson and according to Cherry (2014),The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed† (Answer). Behaviorism is learned through conditioning and conditioning happens when there is some kind of interaction with the environment. However, there are two types of conditioning the first is classical conditioning and the second one is operant conditioning. When you think of classical conditioning the first thing that comes to mind is Ivan Pavlov and his dogs salivating he used classical conditioning and that is when a stimulus In the case of Pavlovs experiments is the meat is paired with a response that would take the dog to salivate. In addition, Cherry  Ã‚  (2014), â€Å"Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a process of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. The main concepts of operant conditioning are reinforcement and punishment; Cherry  (2014), â€Å"Positive reinforcements are favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior† (Components of Operant Conditioning). With a positive reinforcement the behavior becomes stronger because a reward or a behavior is applauded, however, a negative reinforcement is when something is removed when something negative is done in this case the response is also strengthen by removing something that is not positive for the behavior. Moreover, the second concept of operant condition is a punishment; Cherry  (2014), Punishment, on the other hand, is the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior it follows. There are two kinds of punishment, positive punishment and negative punishment. Positive punishment is when an unfriendly effect is used to weaken a response and negative punishment happen when something is removed from a positive event or result exists. Operant conditioning can be used with children the most and young teens this school of psychology till this day is used to mold behavior. In continuation, we will discuss what Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis is. The Gestalt psychology of school has to do with looking at things as one whole instead on individually. Psychoanalysis school of thought was first brought up by, Sigmund Freud. This school of thought is a set of both psychological and psychotherapeutic theories. Psychoanalysis consists of seven terms, which are the case study, the conscious, defense mechanism, ego, Id, super ego, and the unconscious. Its subject matter is psychopathology, or abnormal behavior, relatively neglected by other schools of thought. (Schultz Schultz, 2012,) â€Å"Its primary method is clinical observation rather than controlled laboratory experimentation. In addition, psychoanalysis deals with the unconscious, a topic virtually ignored by other systems of thought. Psychoanalysis has opened a new door to mental illness and when talking to a professional about issues or problems, helps take away certain symptoms of any psychological desolation. If 10 years from now have passed by, the school of thought, I will consider behaviorism as my school of thought. The reason for this choice is because my emphasis is child development and children always tend to have behavioral issues and I would like to help them mold their behaviors into positive behavior. Reinforcement and punishment can always be used to mold a child even a teen, just knowing that moving certain behaviors and enforcing them with positive reinforcement will change a child’s behavior. In conclusion, as far as all the schools of thought they have all had their meaning in helping in today’s psychology from working with children to elderly people. The Five Schools of Thought such as Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis, Functionalism, Structuralism and Gestalts psychology will always be used in the psychology field each and every one of the schools has demonstrated techniques that are effective with people.